A yau, tare da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da amfani da lafiya, "kayyade ciwon sukari" ya zama ma'anar salon rayuwar dukan mutane. Amma yawan bayyanar da wani sashi da ake kira ? Polydextrose ? akan jerin abubuwan sinadarai don "abincin abinci" da "shaye-shaye masu ?arancin kalori" sun haifar da rudani tsakanin masu amfani da su game da ko sukari ne da aka canza a matsayin "fiber na abinci" ko kuma mai kula da lafiya da ba a san shi ba. Ta hanyar nazarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, ma'anar iko na kasa da kasa da bincike na tsarin rayuwa, wannan takarda yana bayyana ainihin ainihin polyglucose kuma ya ?are "rashin fahimtar kimiyya" da sunan ya haifar.

Na farko, sunan tushen: me yasa kalmar "glucose" ke haifar da rashin fahimta? "

Sunan Ingilishi "Polydextrose" a zahiri yana fassara zuwa "glucose polymerized", kuma fassarar Sinanci ta bi wannan tunani. Duk da haka, yanayin sunansa siffa ce ta ha?i?a game da tsarin sinadarai, maimakon ma'anar kaddarorin aiki.

" Bayanan Tarihi: Masanin kimiyyar Amurka HH Rennhard ne ya ha?aka Polyglucose a cikin 1965, ainihin manufar ita ce ha?aka ?arancin kalori, mai cike da kwanciyar hankali. Domin albarkatun kasa ya ?unshi glucose monomer, kuma sarkar kwayoyin suna ha?uwa da raka'o'in glucose masu yawa, ana kiransa "polyglucose".

" Tarkon harshe: a cikin mahallin Sinanci, kalmar "glucose" sau da yawa ana danganta ta kai tsaye da "sukari" da "mai dadi", amma halin "ju" ya kasa bayyana halinsa mara narkewa, wanda ya haifar da rashin fahimtar kalmar.

Biyu, rarrabuwa na kimiyya: daga tsarin kwayoyin halitta na yanayin polyglucose don sanin ko polyglucose sukari ne, ya zama dole a koma yanayin sinadarai.

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1. Ma'anar da rarrabuwa na sukari

Dangane da ma'anar International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), Sugar yana nufin monosaccharides (misali, glucose, fructose) ko oligosaccharides (misali, sucrose, maltose) wa?anda aka ha?a ta glycosidic bonds tare da 2 zuwa 10 monosaccharides. Abubuwan gama gari su ne:

Ana iya rushe su cikin monosaccharides ta hanyar enzymes masu narkewa (kamar α-amylase, sucrase);

Yana ba da 4 kcal / g zafi;

Kai tsaye yana ha?aka matakan sukari na jini.

2. Tsarin sunadarai na polyglucose "

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na polyglucose ? shine (C?H??O?)?. Ya ?unshi sassa uku masu zuwa.

Tsarin kwarangwal: D-glucose a matsayin naúrar asali, galibi an ha?a ta 1, 6-glucoside bond;

Bazuwar reshe: Wasu rukunin glucose suna samar da tsarin reshe ta hanyar 1,2, 1,3 ko 1,4 glucoside bond;

?arshen gyare-gyare : ?arshen sarkar kwayoyin sau da yawa ana ?aure shi zuwa sorbitol ko citric acid sharan (sauran tsarin samarwa).

" Babban bambance-bambance:

" darajar polymerization: Matsakaicin matsayi na polymerization (n darajar) na polyglucose shine 20-22, kuma mafi ?arancin ?arancin glycan (n≤10) yana samar da hadadden tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku.

hadaddun nau'in ha?in gwiwa: Rarraba abubuwan ha?in glucoside bazuwar yana sa jiki ya rasa madaidaicin enzymes na narkewa don karya su cikin monomers na glucose.

"

Tsarin Metabolic: Me yasa polyglucose baya cikin sukari? "

Hanyar rayuwa ta physiological na polyglucose ya sha bamban da na sukari na gargajiya, wanda shine tushen tushen sa a matsayin fiber na abinci.

1. Rashin sha a cikin babban sashin narkewar abinci

Ciki da ?ananan hanji: Polyglucose ya kasance barga a cikin acid na ciki. Saboda yawan nauyin kwayoyinsa (kimanin 3200 Da) da kuma hadaddun nau'ikan ha?in ha?in glucoside, ba za a iya sanya shi ruwa ta hanyar amylase na ?an adam ko amylase na pancreatic ba. Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan gudanar da baki na polyglucose, yawan sha na ?ananan hanji bai wuce 0.5% ba (Journal of Nutrition, 2022).

Tasirin ciwon sukari na jini: Polyglucose baya haifar da jujjuyawar sukari na jini bayan cin abinci saboda ba za a iya raba shi zuwa glucose ba. Gwaje-gwajen da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta kasar Sin ta yi sun tabbatar da cewa ma'aunin glycemic index (GI) na shan 10g na polyglucose shine 0, wanda yayi daidai da ruwa mai tsafta (Jaridar Abinci ta China, 2023).

2. "Prebiotic fermentation" a cikin ?ananan ?wayar cuta

Lokacin da polyglucose wanda ba a narkewa ya shiga cikin hanji ba, ya zama fermentation substrate don flora na hanji:

Fatty acid mai gajeren lokaci (SCFA) : Bifidobacteria da sauran ?wayoyin cuta masu amfani suna canza shi zuwa butyric acid, propionic acid da sauran SCFA, wanda zai iya samar da makamashi ga ?wayoyin hanji da kuma tsara rigakafi;

Gudunmawar ?arancin caloric sosai: makamashin da aka fitar ta hanyar fermentation shine kawai 1 kcal/g, ?asa da 4 kcal/g na sukari.

Matsayin tsari: Ta yaya hukumomin duniya ke ayyana polyglucose? "

?ungiyoyin ?asa da ?asa da ?a'idodin amincin abinci na ?asa sun ke?e polyglucose a sarari daga nau'in "sukari" kuma suna ba shi matsayin doka na fiber na abinci.

1. CODEX Alimentarius Commission (CODEX)

Ma'aunin CODEX (CODEX STAN 234-2022) ya ce:

Fiber na abinci ya kamata ya dace da yanayin "digiri na polymerization ≥3 kuma ba za a iya narkar da shi ta hanyar ?ananan ?wayoyin hanji na ?an adam ba";

Polyglucose ya cika sharuddan da ke sama kuma an ha?a shi a cikin jerin "fiber na abinci", yana ba da damar nuna abun ciki na fiber akan alamun abinci.

2. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA).

A cikin 2016, FDA ta sabunta ma'anar fiber na abinci don ayyana polyglucose a matsayin "fiber mai aiki tare da fa'idodin ilimin lissafin jiki" kuma ta amince da shi don amfani a cikin "?ananan sukari" da abinci "marasa sukari" (21 CFR 101.9).

3. Matsayin ?asa na kasar Sin

"Tsarin Kariyar Abinci ta ?asa Mai ?arfafa Polyglucose" (GB 25541-2024) ya jaddada:

Polyglucose shine fiber na abinci mai narkewa da ruwa kuma ba za a iya rarraba shi azaman carbohydrate ba.

Abincin da ke amfani da polydextrose na iya da'awar "?ara fiber na abinci," amma maiyuwa ba za a lakafta shi "sugary" ko "?ara sugar."

" Rikicin kasuwa: Shin polyglucose a cikin abinci marasa sukari "sukari marar ganuwa"? "

Duk da ?ayyadaddun ?a'idodi, rashin fahimta na mabukaci game da polydextrose yana ci gaba da ha?aka. Ga hujjojin sabani guda biyu:

"1. Rigima 1: Shin polyglucose yana haifar da hawan jini? "

Hukuncin kimiyya: A'a. Metabolite na polyglucose shine SCFA maimakon glucose, kuma darajar GI kanta ita ce 0. Wani gwaji na asibiti a asibitin Peking Union Medical College na masu ciwon sukari ya nuna cewa bayan cin abinci na yau da kullum na 15g na polyglucose na tsawon makonni 12 a jere, babu wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin haemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) na marasa lafiya na 0 Diabetes, 2 Jarida 2.

Tushen rashin fahimta: Wasu dillalai suna haxa polydextrose tare da sau?in ha?aka sinadarai masu sukari kamar maltodextrin da glucose syrup, yana haifar da rudani na mabukaci.

2. Rigima ta 2: Shin polyglucose shine "?arashin sukari"? "

Bayanin ma'anar: A cewar jagororin WHO, "?ara sugar" yana nufin monosaccharides ko disaccharides (misali sukari, sucrose) da aka sanya a cikin abinci ta hanyar wucin gadi. Ba a la'akari da polyglucose a matsayin ?arar sukari saboda ba shi da sinadarai da abubuwan sinadarai na sukari.

A cikin Tarayyar Turai da Amurka, ana kirga polyglucose a matsayin jimillar abun da ke cikin fiber na abinci, maimakon "sukari"; Gaba?ayan dokokin kasar Sin don sanya alamar abinci mai gina jiki na kayan abinci da aka riga aka shirya (GB 28050-2024) su ma sun ?auki wannan ka'ida.

Jagorar masu amfani: Yadda ake gane polyglucose daidai? "

Don guje wa rudani, masu amfani za su iya bambanta polyglucose daga sukari ta:

1. Dubi teburin

Sugar : yawanci ana yiwa alama "farar sukari", "high fructose syrup", "maltose" da sauransu;

Polyglucose: kai tsaye mai lakabin "polyglucose" ko "fiber na abinci mai narkewa mai narkewa".

2. Karanta alamun abinci mai gina jiki

Abubuwan da ke cikin sukari: Duba "carbohydrate-sugar", ba a jera polyglucose ba;

Fiber Diary: Adadin fiber da polyglucose ke bayarwa za a lakafta shi daban.

3. Hankali ya bayyana

Kayayyakin da aka yiwa lakabin "marasa sukari" ko "marasa sukari" amma masu dauke da polyglucose suna bin ka'idoji saboda ba sa amfani da sinadarai masu ciwon sukari.

Tunanin masana'antu: dambarwar sadarwar kimiyya a bayan takaddamar suna

Rikicin kan sunan polydextrose yana fallasa babban sa?ani a cikin amfani da jama'a na kalmomin kimiyya:

Sau?a?an kalma da rashin daidaituwa: sau da yawa sunaye suna barin mahimman bayanai (kamar tsarin ma'anar "poly") don sau?in haddacewa;

Tazarar ilimin kimiya na masu amfani: Wani bincike ya nuna cewa kashi 12 cikin 100 na masu amfani da Sinawa ne kawai ke iya bambance tsakanin "fiber na abinci" da "sukari" daidai (Farin Takarda Kiwon Lafiyar Sinawa 2024).

Magani:

Standard terminology : Ana ba da shawarar ?ara rubutu a cikin jerin abubuwan da ake bu?ata, kamar "polyglucose (fiber na abinci)";

?arfafa ilimin ilimin kimiyya: isar da sifa ta "marasa sukari" ta gajerun bidiyoyi, marufi ICONS da sauran hanyoyi masu hankali.

8. Ra'ayin masana: "Ya?in gyara sunan" na polyglucose

Dr. Emily Chen (Shugaba, ?ungiyar ?asa ta Duniya don Kimiyyar Abinci da Fasaha) :

" Rigimar polyglucose wani lamari ne na yau da kullun na rashin ha?in kai tsakanin harshen kimiyya da fahimtar jama'a. Muna bu?atar ?arin tsarin kalmomin kalmomi inda sunayen sinadarai ke nuna ainihin aikinsu."

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WANG Xiangtao (Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Kungiyar Gina Jiki ta kasar Sin)

"Kimar lafiyar polyglucose a matsayin ingantaccen fiber na abinci mai inganci an tabbatar da shi sosai. "Ma?alli don kawar da rashin fahimta shine fassara ma'anar kimiyya zuwa harshen da masu amfani zasu iya fahimta."

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?arshe

Polydextrose ba sukari ba ne, amma wanda aka azabtar da "rashin fahimtar kimiyya" wanda ya haifar da sunansa. Daga tsarin kwayoyin halitta zuwa ma'anar tsari, tsarin rayuwa zuwa aikin kasuwa, duk shaidun suna nuni zuwa ga ?arshe: majagaba ne na fiber na abinci wanda aka jinkirta da sunansa. A zamanin wayar da kan kiwon lafiya da fashewar bayanai, ?etare shingen fahimi da kafa ra'ayi mai amfani na iya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da jayayya cewa "sukari ba sukari ba ne."

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http://www.jvvw.cn/polydextrose-water-soluble-dietary-fiber-product/