Masiku ano, ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha kudya kwabwino, "kuwongolera shuga" kwakhala kofanana ndi moyo wa anthu onse. Koma kuwonekera pafupipafupi kwa chinthu chotchedwa Polydextrose pamindandanda yazakudya za "zakudya" ndi "zakumwa zotsika kwambiri" zadzetsa chisokonezo pakati pa ogula ngati ndi shuga wobisika ngati "zakudya zopatsa thanzi" kapena wothandizira zaumoyo wotchulidwa molakwika. Kupyolera mu kusanthula kapangidwe ka maselo, kutanthauzira kovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi ndi kafukufuku wamakina a metabolism, pepalali likuwonetsa zenizeni za polyglucose ndikuthetsa "kusamvetsetsana kwasayansi" komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha dzinalo.

Choyamba, dzina la gwero: chifukwa chiyani liwu loti "glucose" limayambitsa kusamvetsetsana? pa

Dzina lachingerezi "Polydextrose" limatanthawuza kuti "polymerized glucose", ndipo kumasulira kwachi China kumatsatira mfundo iyi. Komabe, kutchula dzina lake ndikofotokozera cholinga cha kapangidwe ka mankhwala, osati tanthauzo la magwiridwe antchito.

pa Mbiri Yakale: Polyglucose idapangidwa ndi wasayansi waku America HH Rennhard mu 1965, cholinga choyambirira chinali kupanga chodzaza chakudya chochepa kwambiri, chokhazikika kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti zopangirazo zimakhala ndi glucose monomer, ndipo unyolo wa maselo amalumikizidwa ndi mayunitsi angapo a shuga, amatchedwa "polyglucose".

pa Msampha wa chinenero: m'mawu achi China, liwu loti "glucose" nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi "shuga" ndi "wotsekemera", koma munthu "ju" amalephera kufotokoza mawonekedwe ake osagawika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamve bwino mawuwa.

Chachiwiri, disassembly yasayansi: kuchokera ku mamolekyu amtundu wa polyglucose kuti muwone ngati polyglucose ndi shuga, ndikofunikira kubwerera kumankhwala ake.

?

1. Tanthauzo ndi kagawidwe ka shuga

Malinga ndi tanthauzo la International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), Shuga amatanthauza ma monosaccharides (mwachitsanzo, shuga, fructose) kapena oligosaccharides (mwachitsanzo, sucrose, maltose) omwe amalumikizidwa ndi zomangira za glycosidic ndi 2 mpaka 10 monosaccharides. Makhalidwe awo ambiri ndi awa:

Itha kuthyoledwa kukhala monosaccharides ndi michere ya m'mimba ya anthu (monga α-amylase, sucrase);

Amapereka 4 kcal / g kutentha;

Mwachindunji amakweza shuga m'magazi.

2. Kapangidwe kakemidwe ka polyglucose pa

Maselo a polyglucose ? anali (C?H??O?)?. Linapangidwa ndi magawo atatu otsatirawa.

Kapangidwe ka mafupa : D-shuga monga gawo loyambira, lolumikizidwa makamaka ndi 1, 6-glucoside bond;

Kupanga nthambi mwachisawawa : Mayunitsi ena a shuga amapanga nthambi za nthambi kudzera pa 1,2, 1,3 kapena 1,4 glucoside bond;

Mapeto kusinthidwa : Mapeto a unyolo wa maselo nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku sorbitol kapena zotsalira za citric acid (zotsalira zakupanga).

pa Kusiyana kwakukulu:

pa digiri ya polymerization: Mulingo wapakati wa polymerization (n mtengo) wa polyglucose ndi 20-22, ndipo glycan yotsika kwambiri (n≤10) imapanga mawonekedwe ovuta amitundu itatu.

zovuta zamtundu wa bond: Kugawidwa kwachisawawa kwa ma glucoside bond kumapangitsa kuti thupi lisakhale ndi michere yofananira m'mimba kuti iwagwetse kukhala ma glucose monomers.

pa

Kagayidwe kachakudya: Chifukwa chiyani polyglucose si ya shuga? pa

Kagayidwe kake ka metabolism ya polyglucose ndi yosiyana kotheratu ndi shuga wamba, womwe ndi maziko oyambira omwe amagawika ngati chakudya chamafuta.

1. Zero mayamwidwe m'matumbo am'mimba

m'mimba ndi matumbo aang'ono : Polyglucose imakhalabe yokhazikika m'mimba ya asidi. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu (pafupifupi 3200 Da) ndi mitundu yovuta ya zomangira za glucoside, sizingapangidwe ndi hydrolyzed ndi malovu aumunthu amylase kapena pancreatic amylase. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pambuyo poyamwitsa m'kamwa polyglucose, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a matumbo aang'ono kumakhala kotsika 0.5% (Journal of Nutrition, 2022).

Zotsatira za shuga m'magazi : Polyglucose siyambitsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi a postprandial chifukwa sangagawidwe kukhala glucose. Zoyeserera za China Center for Disease Control and Prevention zatsimikizira kuti glycemic index (GI) yomeza 10g ya polyglucose ndi 0, yomwe ikufanana ndi madzi oyera (China Food Journal, 2023).

2. "prebiotic fermentation" m'mimba ya m'munsi

Polyglucose wosagawika ikalowa m'matumbo, imakhala gawo loyatsira m'matumbo: +

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) : Bifidobacteria ndi mabakiteriya ena opindulitsa amasintha kukhala butyric acid, propionic acid ndi SCFA ina, yomwe imatha kupereka mphamvu zama cell a m'matumbo ndikuwongolera chitetezo chokwanira;

Zopatsa mphamvu zotsika kwambiri: mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi fermentation ndi pafupifupi 1 kcal/g, yotsika kwambiri kuposa 4 kcal/g shuga.

Maimidwe owongolera: Kodi maulamuliro apadziko lonse lapansi amatanthauzira bwanji polyglucose? pa

Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso miyezo yachitetezo chazakudya padziko lonse lapansi amachotsa polyglucose m'gulu la "shuga" ndikuwapatsa chilolezo chovomerezeka chazakudya.

1. CODEX Alimentarius Commission (CODEX)

CODEX Standard (CODEX STAN 234-2022) imati:

Ulusi wazakudya uyenera kukumana ndi "digiri ya polymerization ≥3 ndipo sungathe kugayidwa ndi michere yamatumbo aang'ono amunthu";

Polyglucose imakwaniritsa zomwe zili pamwambazi ndipo imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa "zakudya zopatsa thanzi", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fiber iwonetsedwe pazakudya.

2. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Mu 2016, a FDA adasintha tanthauzo la ulusi wazakudya kuti afotokoze polyglucose ngati "chingwe chogwira ntchito chomwe chili ndi phindu pazathupi" ndikuvomereza kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pazakudya "zopanda shuga" komanso "zopanda shuga" (21 CFR 101.9).

3. Miyezo ya dziko la China

"Food Safety National Standard Food Additive Polyglucose" (GB 25541-2024) ikugogomezera:

Polyglucose ndi ulusi wosungunuka m'madzi ndipo sungathe kugawidwa ngati chakudya cham'madzi.

Zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito polydextrose zinganene kuti "zimachulukitsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi," koma sizingatchulidwe kuti "shuga" kapena "shuga wowonjezera."

pa Mkangano wamsika: Kodi polyglucose muzakudya zopanda shuga ndi "shuga wosawoneka"? pa

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo omveka bwino, malingaliro olakwika a ogula okhudza polydextrose akupitirizabe kukula. Nazi zowona za mikangano iwiri yodziwika bwino:

pa1. Mkangano 1: Kodi polyglucose imapangitsa shuga m'magazi kukwera? pa

Chigamulo cha Sayansi: Ayi. Metabolite ya polyglucose ndi SCFA m'malo mwa shuga, ndipo mtengo wake wa GI ndi 0. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ku Peking Union Medical College Hospital kwa odwala matenda a shuga kunasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa kudya 15g ya polyglucose tsiku lililonse kwa masabata 12 otsatizana, panalibe kusintha kwakukulu kwa hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) ya odwala (Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 23).

Magwero olakwika: Ogulitsa ena amasakaniza polydextrose ndi zopangira shuga zokwera mosavuta monga maltodextrin ndi manyuchi a shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogula asokonezeke.

2. Kutsutsana 2: Kodi polyglucose ndi "shuga wowonjezera"? pa

Kufotokozera Tanthauzo: Malinga ndi malangizo a WHO, "shuga wowonjezera" amatanthauza ma monosaccharides kapena ma disaccharides (monga shuga, sucrose) omwe amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya. Polyglucose samatengedwa ngati shuga wowonjezera chifukwa alibe mankhwala komanso kagayidwe kachakudya ka shuga.

Ku European Union ndi United States, polyglucose imawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chonse chomwe chili m'zakudya, osati "shuga"; Malamulo Onse a China pa Zakudya Zam'madzi Zolemba Zakudya Zokonzedweratu (GB 28050-2024) amatsatiranso lamuloli.

Kalozera wa ogula: momwe mungazindikire molondola polyglucose? pa

Pofuna kupewa chisokonezo, ogula amatha kusiyanitsa polyglucose ndi shuga ndi:

1. Yang'anani pa tebulo

shuga : nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti "shuga woyera", "madzi a fructose", "maltose" ndi zina zotero;

polyglucose : yolembedwa mwachindunji "polyglucose" kapena "zakudya zosungunuka m'madzi".

2. Werengani zolemba zazakudya

kuchuluka kwa shuga : Onani "shuga-zakudya", polyglucose sinalembedwe;

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi : Kuchuluka kwa fiber zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi polyglucose zidzalembedwa mosiyana.

3. Consciousness imalengeza

Zogulitsa zolembedwa kuti "zopanda shuga" kapena "shuga wotsika" koma zokhala ndi polyglucose zimatsatira malamulo chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za shuga zomwe zimakweza shuga.

Kuwonetsa kwamakampani: vuto la kulumikizana kwa sayansi kumbuyo kwa mikangano yotchula mayina

Mkangano wokhudza kutchula dzina la polydextrose ukuwonetsa kutsutsana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mawu asayansi pagulu:

mawu osavuta komanso kusalinganika bwino : Mayina amankhwala nthawi zambiri amasiya zidziwitso zazikulu (monga tanthauzo la "poly") kuti athe kuloweza pamtima;

Kusiyana kwa maphunziro a sayansi ya ogula : Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti 12 peresenti yokha ya ogula aku China amatha kusiyanitsa molondola pakati pa "zakudya zopatsa thanzi" ndi "shuga" (China Health Consumption White Paper 2024).

Yankho :

Terminology Standard : Akulangizidwa kuti awonjezere cholemba pamndandanda wazinthu, monga "polyglucose (zakudya zopatsa thanzi)";

limbitsani maphunziro ochulukirachulukira asayansi : fotokozani za "zopanda shuga" kudzera m'mavidiyo afupiafupi, ma ICONS ndi njira zina zomveka.

8. Lingaliro la akatswiri: "Nkhondo yokonza dzina" ya polyglucose

Dr. Emily Chen (Pulezidenti, International Alliance for Food Science and Technology):

"Mkangano wa polyglucose ndi nkhani yachidule ya kusagwirizana pakati pa chinenero cha sayansi ndi malingaliro a anthu. Tikufuna dongosolo la mawu omveka bwino lomwe mayina azinthu amawonetseradi ntchito yawo."

?

WANG Xiangtao (Mlembi Wamkulu wa Chinese Society of Nutrition):

"Mtengo wa thanzi la polyglucose monga chakudya chabwino cha zakudya zatsimikiziridwa mokwanira. "Mfungulo yothetsera malingaliro olakwika ndikumasulira matanthauzo a sayansi m'chinenero chimene ogula angachimvetse."

?

Pomaliza

Polydextrose si shuga, koma wovutitsidwa ndi "kusamvetsetsana kwa sayansi" komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi dzina lake. Kuchokera pamapangidwe a maselo mpaka kutanthauzira kowongolera, kachitidwe ka metabolic kupita ku msika, umboni wonse umatsimikizira mfundo yomweyo: ndi mpainiya wazakudya wochedwa ndi dzina lake. M'nthawi ya chidziwitso cha thanzi ndi kuphulika kwa chidziwitso, kuphwanya zolepheretsa chidziwitso ndikukhazikitsa malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito moyenera kungakhale kofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kutsutsana kuti "shuga si shuga."

?

http://www.jvvw.cn/polydextrose-water-soluble-dietary-fiber-product/