Uyu munsi, hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha kurya neza, "kugenzura isukari" byahindutse kimwe nubuzima bwabantu bose. Ariko kugaragara kenshi kubintu byitwa ? Polydextrose ? kurutonde rwibigize "ibiryo byokurya" n "" ibinyobwa bya calorie nkeya "byateje urujijo mubaguzi niba ari isukari yihishe nka" fibre fibre "cyangwa umurinzi wubuzima utavuzwe izina. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimiterere ya molekuline, ibisobanuro byemewe byemewe nubushakashatsi bwuburyo bwa metabolike, iyi mpapuro igaragaza umwirondoro nyawo wa polyglucose kandi ikarangiza "kutumva siyanse" yatewe nizina.

? Ubwa mbere, izina ryinkomoko: kuki ijambo "glucose" ritera kutumvikana? ?

Izina ry'icyongereza "Polydextrose" risobanurwa ngo "glucose glucose", naho igishinwa gikurikiza iyi mvugo. Nyamara, kwita izina ryayo ni ibisobanuro bifatika byerekana imiterere yimiti, aho kuba ibisobanuro byimikorere.

? Amateka yamateka ?: Polyglucose yatunganijwe n’umuhanga w’umunyamerika HH Rennhard mu 1965, intego yambere yari iyo guteza imbere ibiryo byuzuye karori, byuzuza cyane. Kuberako ibikoresho bibisi birimo glucose monomer, kandi urunigi rwa molekile ruhujwe nibice byinshi bya glucose, byitwa "polyglucose".

? Umutego wururimi ?: mu gishinwa, ijambo "glucose" rikunze guhuzwa na "isukari" n "" uburyohe ", ariko inyuguti" ju "inanirwa kwerekana imiterere yayo idasobanutse, bigatuma abaturage batumva iryo jambo.

? Babiri, gusenya siyanse: uhereye kumiterere ya molekuline yimiterere ya polyglucose ? kugirango umenye niba polyglucose ari isukari, birakenewe gusubira mumiterere yimiti.

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?1. Ibisobanuro no gutondekanya isukari ?

Ukurikije ibisobanuro by’ubumwe mpuzamahanga bw’ubumenyi n’ubuziranenge (IUPAC), Isukari bivuga monosaccharide (urugero, glucose, fructose) cyangwa oligosaccharide (urugero, sucrose, maltose) ihujwe na glycosideque na monosaccharide 2 kugeza 10. Ibintu bahuriyemo ni:

Irashobora gucikamo monosaccharide na enzymes zifungura abantu (nka α-amylase, sucrase);

Itanga ubushyuhe bwa 4 kcal / g;

Kuzamura mu buryo butaziguye urugero rw'isukari mu maraso.

?2. Imiterere yimiti ya polyglucose ?

Inzira ya molekuline ya polyglucose ? yari (C?H??O?) ?. Ryari rigizwe n'ibice bitatu bikurikira.

Imiterere ya skeleton ?: D-glucose nkigice cyibanze, ihuza cyane na 1, 6-glucoside;

Amashami atunguranye ?: Ibice bimwe bya glucose bigize amashami binyuze muri 1,2, 1,3 cyangwa 1,4 glucoside;

? Guhindura iherezo ?: Iherezo ryurunigi rwa molekuline akenshi ruba ruhambiriwe na sorbitol cyangwa ibisigisigi bya aside citricike (ibisigisigi byumusaruro).

? Itandukaniro ryingenzi ?:

? urwego rwa polymerizasiya ?: Impuzandengo ya polymerisiyonike (n agaciro) ya polyglucose ni 20-22, naho kure cyane ya glycan (n≤10) ikora urwego rugizwe nurusobe rwibice bitatu.

? Ubwoko bwububiko bugoye ?: Gukwirakwiza ku buryo budasanzwe imigozi ya glucoside ituma umubiri ubura imisemburo igogora kugirango igabanuke muri glucose monomers.

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Uburyo bwa metabolike: Kuki polyglucose itari iyisukari? ?

Inzira ya physiologique metabolike yinzira ya polyglucose itandukanye rwose niyisukari gakondo, niyo shingiro ryibanze ryo gushyira mubyiciro bya fibre y'ibiryo.

?1. Kwinjiza zeru mu nzira yo hejuru igifu

Igifu n'amara mato ?: Polyglucose ikomeza kuba nziza muri acide gastric. Bitewe n'uburemere bukabije bwa molekile (hafi 3200 Da) hamwe n'ubwoko bugoye bwa glucoside, ntibishobora gutwarwa n'amacandwe y'amacandwe ya amylase cyangwa amylase pancreatic amylase. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma yo gukoresha umunwa wa polyglucose, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amara mato kiri munsi ya 0.5% (Ikinyamakuru cyimirire, 2022).

? Ingaruka yisukari yamaraso ?: Polyglucose ntabwo itera ihindagurika ryisukari nyuma yamaraso kuko idashobora gucika muri glucose. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara cyemeje ko indangagaciro ya glycemic (GI) yo gufata 10g ya polyglucose ari 0, igereranywa n’amazi meza (China Food Journal, 2023).

?2. "fermentation ya prebiotic" mu gice cyo hasi cyigifu ?

Iyo polyglucose idasukuye yinjiye mu mara, ihinduka substrate ya fermentation yibimera byo munda:

Acide acide ya fatty acide (SCFA) ?: Bifidobacteria nizindi bagiteri zingirakamaro zayihindura aside butyric, aside protionic nizindi SCFA, zishobora gutanga ingufu mumyanya myungu kandi ikagenga ubudahangarwa;

Umusanzu muke cyane wa caloric ?: ingufu zasohowe na fermentation inzira ni nka kcal / g gusa, munsi ya 4 kcal / g yisukari.

Position Imyanya igenga: Abayobozi b'isi basobanura bate polyglucose? ?

Imiryango mpuzamahanga hamwe n’ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu bivanaho mu buryo bweruye polyglucose mu cyiciro cya "isukari" kandi ikayiha ubuzima bwemewe bwa fibre y'ibiryo.

?1. CODEX Komisiyo ya Alimentarius (CODEX) ?

Igipimo cya CODEX (CODEX STAN 234-2022) kivuga:

Indyo y'ibiryo igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bya "polymerisation degree3 kandi ntishobora gusya na enzymes zo munda z'umuntu";

Polyglucose yujuje ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru kandi ishyirwa ku rutonde rwa "fibre fibre", ituma ibirimo fibre byerekanwa ku birango byibiribwa.

?2. Ubuyobozi bw’ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika (FDA) ?

Muri 2016, FDA yavuguruye ibisobanuro bya fibre yimirire kugirango isobanure polyglucose nk "fibre ikora ifite inyungu zifatika" kandi yemeza ko izakoreshwa mubiribwa "isukari nke" na "idafite isukari" (21 CFR 101.9).

?3. Ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa ?

"Umutekano Wibiryo Byigihugu Ibiryo Byongeweho Polyglucose" (GB 25541-2024) ashimangira:

Polyglucose ni fibre yibiryo byamazi kandi ntishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nka karubone.

Ibiribwa bikoresha polydextrose birashobora kuvuga ko "byongera fibre yibiryo," ariko ntibishobora kwitwa "isukari" cyangwa "isukari yongeyeho."

? Impaka ku isoko: Ese polyglucose mu biribwa bitarimo isukari "isukari itagaragara"? ?

Nubwo amabwiriza asobanutse neza, imyumvire mibi yabaguzi kuri polydextrose ikomeje kwiyongera. Dore ukuri kw'amakimbirane abiri asanzwe:

?1. Impaka 1: Ese polyglucose itera isukari mu maraso kwiyongera? ?

Icyemezo cya siyansi ?: Oya. Metabolite ya polyglucose ni SCFA aho kuba glucose, kandi agaciro kayo ka GI ni 0. Ikigereranyo cy’amavuriro mu bitaro by’ubuvuzi bya Peking Union Medical College ku barwayi ba diyabete cyerekanye ko nyuma yo gufata buri munsi 15g ya polyglucose mu byumweru 12 bikurikiranye, nta mpinduka nini yagaragaye muri hemoglobine a1c (HbA1c) y’abarwayi (Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa cya Diyabete, 2023).

Inkomoko yibitekerezo ?: Abacuruzi bamwe bavanga polydextrose hamwe nibisukari byazamutse byoroshye nka maltodextrin na sirupe ya glucose, bikaviramo urujijo rwabaguzi.

?2. Impaka 2: Ese polyglucose "isukari yongeyeho"? ?

? Gusobanura ibisobanuro ?: Ukurikije amabwiriza ya OMS, "isukari yongeyeho" bisobanura monosaccharide cyangwa disaccharide (urugero isukari, sucrose) byongewe mubiribwa. Polyglucose ntabwo ifatwa nk'isukari yongeyeho kuko idafite imiti na metabolike ya sukari.

? Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi no muri Amerika, polyglucose ibarwa nk’ibiribwa byuzuye mu biribwa, aho kuba "isukari"; Amategeko rusange y’Ubushinwa agenga imirire y’ibiribwa byateguwe (GB 28050-2024) nayo yemeza iri tegeko.

Guide Ubuyobozi bwabaguzi: Nigute ushobora kumenya neza polyglucose? ?

Kugira ngo wirinde urujijo, abaguzi barashobora gutandukanya polyglucose nisukari na:

?1. Reba kumeza ?

Isukari ?: ubusanzwe irangwa nka "isukari yera", "umutobe wa fructose", "maltose" nibindi;

? polyglucose ?: yanditseho "polyglucose" cyangwa "fibre fibre fibre fibre".

?2. Soma ibirango by'imirire ?

? Ibirimo isukari ?: Reba "karubone-isukari", polyglucose ntabwo iri kurutonde;

Fiber Dietary fibre ?: Ingano ya fibre yatanzwe na polyglucose izashyirwaho ikimenyetso ukwacyo.

?3. Umutimanama utangaza ?

Ibicuruzwa byanditseho "isukari idafite isukari" cyangwa "isukari nke" ariko birimo polyglucose byubahiriza amabwiriza kuko bidakoresha ibikoresho by'isukari bizamura isukari.

? Gutekereza ku nganda: ikibazo cyo gutumanaho siyanse inyuma y'impaka zo kwita izina ?

Impaka zijyanye no kwita izina polydextrose zigaragaza kwivuguruza gukabije mu gukoresha rubanda amagambo ya siyansi:

? ijambo koroshya no kutaringaniza neza ?: amazina yimiti akenshi asiba amakuru yingenzi (nkibisobanuro byuburyo bwa "poly") kugirango byoroshye gufata mu mutwe;

? Ikinyuranyo cy’ubumenyi bw’abaguzi ?: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 12 ku ijana by’abaguzi b’abashinwa ari bo bonyine bashobora gutandukanya neza “fibre fibre” na “isukari” (Ubushinwa Ubuzima Bw’Ubuzima Bwera 2024).

Igisubizo ?:

? Ijambo risanzwe ?: Birasabwa kongeramo inyandiko kurutonde rwibigize, nka "polyglucose (fibre dietary)";

? gushimangira uburezi bwo kumenyekanisha siyanse ?: gutanga ikiranga "kitari isukari" ukoresheje videwo ngufi, gupakira ICONS nubundi buryo bwimbitse.

? 8. Igitekerezo cyinzobere: "Intambara yo gukosora izina" ya polyglucose ?

Dr. Emily Chen (Perezida, Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga rishinzwe Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga) ?:

"Impaka za polyglucose ni urubanza rwa kera rwo gutandukanya imvugo ya siyansi n'imyumvire ya rubanda. Dukeneye uburyo bwo gukoresha amagambo mu mucyo aho amazina y'ibigize agaragaza imikorere yabo."

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? WANG Xiangtao (Umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abashinwa bashinzwe imirire) ?:

"Agaciro k'ubuzima bwa polyglucose nka fibre nziza y'ibiryo byemewe." Urufunguzo rwo gukuraho imyumvire mibi ni uguhindura ibisobanuro bya siyansi mu rurimi abaguzi bashobora kumva. "

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Umwanzuro ?

Polydextrose ntabwo ari isukari, ahubwo ni uwahohotewe "kutumva siyanse" yatewe no kuyita izina. Kuva muburyo bwa molekuline kugeza kubisobanuro byateganijwe, uburyo bwa metabolike kugeza mubikorwa byamasoko, ibimenyetso byose byerekana umwanzuro umwe: ni umupayiniya wa fibre fibre yatinze kwizina ryayo. Mugihe cyo kumenyekanisha ubuzima no guturika amakuru, guca inzitizi zubwenge no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba ingenzi kuruta kuvuga ko "isukari atari isukari."

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http://www.jvvw.cn/polydextrose- amazi-gukemuka-umutungo-ibikoresho-ibicuruzwa/