1. ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????

HMB ???-????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???:

?

mTOR ???? ??????? ?????: ??????? S6 ??????? ??????????? ????? 38% ???? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????.

ubiquitination ?? ???????? ?????: E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 ????????? 41% ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????.

?

??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????

???? ?????? ??????????? ???? HMB ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ????:

?

??? ??????? ???????? ?????: ????????????????????? ????????? 27% ???? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????.

????????? ??? ???????: ????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? 63% ???? ??? ????.

????????? ???? ???????: ??????? Nrf2 ??????, ????? ???????? ???????????? (SOD) ??????????????? 41% ???? ???? ???.

Iii. ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????

1.??? ???????? ??????? ???????

??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? 3 ?????? HMB ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? (CK) ????? 44% ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? 51% ???? ??? ???.

??? 72 ? ?????????????? ????????????? ???, ???? ???? ????? ?? Z-???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? 62% ???? ??? ?? ???, ?????????????????? ??????????? ???????? 83% ???? ???? ?????? ???.

2. ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????????

?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? 19% ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? 27% ???? ???? ???68

??? 6 ? ?????? ?????? VO2max 4.2% ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? 13% ???? ???? ????.

4. ?????? ???????? ???????????

5. ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????

??? 28?? HMB ??? ???? ICU ?????? ???, quadriceps ???? ???? ???? 1.3mm ??????? ???? ??? ???, ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? 31% ???? ???? ???.

????? ?????????? ?????? ???, ????????? ????????? ??????? 47% ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? 5 ???? ???? ???.

2. ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???

??? 12 ? ?????????????? ???, ??? ??????? 70 ? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? 0.15 ???? ???? ?? ???, ?????? ?????? 38% ???? ??? ???.

MRI ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? 21% ???? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? 14% ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

5. ???? ???????? ??????????

???? ?????????? ???????

??????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? 3.7 ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????

???????? ??????????????? ???? ?? EMG ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? 15 ????? ??? ????.

????? ??? ????????? ????? ???

?????????? ????????? ???????? 8.7g/L ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? 62% ???? ??? ??? ???.

CRISPR ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? 41% ???? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??

6.??????? ????????

????? ??? ???: ????? ??? ??? LD50 > 5000mg/kg, ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????

????????? ??????: ??? 12 ? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???, ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????

??????? ?????????: ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? 3 ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????.

Vii. ????? ?????

?????????? ???????: ???? ???? ?? ????? DNA ????????? ??? ?????? HMB ?? ?????? ?????? ?????.

?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????: ?????? ?????????????/??????????? ??????? ?? HMB ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????.