Nhasi, nekuwedzera kwekuziva kwekushandisa zvine hutano, "kudzora shuga" rave chirevo chemararamiro evanhu vese. Asi kugara kuoneka kwechinhu chinodaidzwa kunzi Polydextrose pazvirongwa zve “chikafu chekudya” uye “chinwiwa chine macalorie” zvakakonzera kuvhiringika pakati pevatengi nezvekuti ishuga yakavharwa se "dietary fiber" kana kuti mutarisiri wehutano asina zita. Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwema molecular chimiro, tsanangudzo yepasi rose uye metabolic metabolism yekutsvagisa, bepa iri rinoburitsa pachena kuzivikanwa kwepolyglucose uye rinopedza "kusanzwisisa kwesainzi" kunokonzerwa nezita.

Chekutanga, zita rekwakabva: nei izwi rekuti "glucose" richikonzera kusanzwisisa? .

Zita reChirungu "Polydextrose" rinoturikira ku "polymerized glucose", uye shanduro yeChinese inotevera pfungwa iyi. Nekudaro, chimiro chayo chekupa zita irondedzero yechinangwa chechimiro chemakemikari, pane tsananguro yezvivakwa zvinoshanda.

. Historical background : Polyglucose yakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti weAmerica HH Rennhard muna 1965, chinangwa chepakutanga chaive chekugadzira yakaderera-calori, yakakwirira-yakagadzikana yekuzadza chikafu. Nekuti iyo mbishi ine glucose monomer, uye molecular cheni yakabatana neakawanda mayuniti eglucose, inonzi "polyglucose".

. Mutauro wemutauro: mumutauro weChinese, izwi rokuti "glucose" rinowanzobatanidzwa zvakananga ne "shuga" uye "inotapira", asi chimiro che "ju" chinokundikana kuburitsa chimiro charo chisingagadzike, zvichiita kuti veruzhinji vasanzwisise shoko racho.

Chechipiri, disassembly yesainzi: kubva muchimiro chemolecular chimiro chepolyglucose kuona kana polyglucose iri shuga, zvinodikanwa kuti idzokere kune yayo kemikari.

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1. Tsanangudzo uye kupatsanurwa kweshuga

Maererano netsanangudzo yeInternational Union yePure uye Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), Shuga inoreva monosaccharides (eg, glucose, fructose) kana oligosaccharides (eg, sucrose, maltose) iyo yakabatanidzwa ne glycosidic bonds ne 2 kusvika ku10 monosaccharides. Mamiriro avo akajairika ndeaya:

Inogona kuputswa kuita monosaccharides nema enzymes ekugaya emunhu (akadai sea-amylase, sucrase);

Inopa 4 kcal / g kupisa;

Yakananga inosimudza mazinga ehuga.

2. Kemikari chimiro che polyglucose .

Iyo molecular formula yepolyglucose ? yaive (C?H??O?)?. Yakaumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera.

skeleton chimiro : D-glucose sechinhu chakakosha, chakabatanidzwa ne1, 6-glucoside bond;

random branching ?: Mamwe mayuniti eglucose anoumba mabranching structures kuburikidza ne1,2, 1,3 kana 1,4 glucoside bond;

magumo ekugadzirisa : Kupera kwema molecular cheni kunowanzo kusungirirwa kune sorbitol kana citric acid zvakasara (magadzirirwo ekugadzira masara).

. Misiyano yakakosha:

. dhigirii repolymerization: Avhareji yedhigirii yepolymerization (n kukosha) yepolyglucose ndeye 20-22, uye kure-ultra-low glycan (n≤10) inoumba yakaoma-dimensional network network.

bond type yakaoma: Kugovewa zvisina tsarukano kweglucoside bond kunoita kuti muviri ushaye maenzayimu ekugaya anowirirana kuti aaputse kuita glucose monomers.

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Metabolic mechanism: Sei polyglucose isiri yeshuga? .

Iyo physiological metabolic nzira yepolyglucose yakasiyana zvachose neiyo yeshuga yechinyakare, inova ndiyo musimboti wehwaro hwayo sekudya fiber.

1. Zero absorption mukati mepamusoro digestive turakiti

dumbu uye ura hudiki : Polyglucose inoramba yakagadzikana mugastric acid. Nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru (anenge 3200 Da) uye mhando dzakaoma dzeglucoside bonds, haigone kuve hydrolyzed nemate emunhu amylase kana pancreatic amylase. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mushure mekutonga nemuromo kwepolyglucose, chiyero chekunyura chemukati mudiki chiri pasi pe0.5% (Journal of Nutrition, 2022).

Shuga yeropa maitiro : Polyglucose haikonzeredzi postprandial shuga yeropa nekuti haigone kuputswa kuita glucose. Ongororo neChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention yakasimbisa kuti glycemic index (GI) yekudya 10g ye polyglucose ndeye 0, inofananidzwa nemvura yakachena (China Food Journal, 2023).

2. "prebiotic fermentation" muchikamu chepasi chekudya

Kana polyglucose isina kugezwa ichipinda mucolon, inova substrate yekuvirisa yemaruva emudumbu:

short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) : Bifidobacteria nemamwe mabhakitiriya anobatsira anoishandura kuita butyric acid, propionic acid uye imwe SCFA, iyo inogona kupa simba kumasero ekoloni uye kugadzirisa kusadzivirirwa;

yakaderera kwazvo caloric mupiro : simba rinoburitswa nekuvirisa rinongoita 1 kcal/g, rakaderera zvakanyanya pane 4 kcal/g yeshuga.

Regulatory positioning: Zviremera zvepasi rose zvinotsanangura sei polyglucose? .

Masangano epasi rese uye zviyero zvekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu zvemunyika zvinonyatso bvisa polyglucose kubva muchikamu che "shuga" uye ichipa iyo yepamutemo mamiriro ekudya fiber.

1. CODEX Alimentarius Commission (CODEX)

Iyo CODEX Standard (CODEX STAN 234-2022) inoti:

Dietary fiber inofanirwa kusangana nemamiriro e "polymerization degree ≥3 uye haigone kugayiwa nema enzymes emudumbu madiki";

Polyglucose inosangana nemaitiro ari pamusoro uye inosanganisirwa mu "dietary fiber" runyorwa, ichibvumira iyo fiber yemukati kuti iratidzwe pane ezvekudya.

2. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Muna 2016, FDA yakavandudza tsananguro yezvokudya zvefiber kuti itsanangure polyglucose se "functional fiber ine physiological benefits" uye yakabvumira kuti ishandiswe mu "shuga shoma" uye "isina shuga" (21 CFR 101.9).

3. Chinese national standards

Iyo "Kuchengetedzwa Kwekudya Kwenyika Yakajairwa Chikafu Yekuwedzera Polyglucose" (GB 25541-2024) inosimbisa:

Polyglucose is water-soluble dietary fiber uye haigoni kuiswa secarbohydrate.

Zvokudya zvinoshandisa polydextrose zvingati "zvinowedzera kudya fiber," asi zvingasanzi "shuga" kana "shuga yakawedzerwa."

. Kupokana kwemusika: Ko polyglucose mune zvekudya zvisina shuga "shuga isingaonekwe"? .

Pasinei nemitemo yakajeka, maonero asina kunaka evatengi pamusoro pe polydextrose anoramba achiwedzera. Hezvinoi chokwadi chemakakatanwa maviri akajairika:

.1. Kukakavadzana 1: Ko polyglucose inoita kuti shuga yeropa ikwire here? .

Sayenzi mutongo: Kwete Metabolite ye polyglucose inonzi SCFA pane glucose, uye iyo GI inokosha ndeye 0. Chirwere chekliniki muPeking Union Medical College Hospital yevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga chakaratidza kuti mushure mekudya kwemazuva ose kwe15g ye polyglucose kwemavhiki gumi nemaviri akatevedzana, pakanga pasina kuchinja kukuru mu hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) yevarwere (Chinese Journal of Diabetes20, 20).

Misconception source: Vamwe vatengesi vanosanganisa polydextrose neshuga yakasimudzwa zviri nyore se maltodextrin uye sirasi yeglucose, zvichikonzera kuvhiringidzika kwevatengi.

2. Nharo yechipiri: Ko polyglucose "shuga yakawedzerwa"? .

Kujekeswa kwetsanangudzo : Zvinoenderana nemirairo yeWHO, "shuga yakawedzerwa" zvinoreva monosaccharides kana disaccharides (semushuga, sucrose) yakawedzerwa pachikafu. Polyglucose haionekwi seshuga yakawedzerwa nekuti haina makemikari uye metabolic zvimiro zveshuga.

MuEuropean Union neUnited States, polyglucose inoverengerwa sehuwandu hwekudya fiber zviri muzvokudya, pane "shuga"; Mitemo Yese yeChina Yekudya Kunyoreswa Kwekudya Kwakagadzirwa (GB 28050-2024) inotorawo mutemo uyu.

Consumer Guide: Nzira yekuziva sei polyglucose? .

Kuti udzivise kuvhiringidzika, vatengi vanogona kusiyanisa polyglucose kubva shuga ne:

1. Tarisa patafura

shuga : inowanzo nyorwa se "shuga chena", "yakakwirira fructose manyuchi", "maltose" zvichingodaro;

polyglucose : yakanyorwa zvakananga "polyglucose" kana "water-soluble dietary fiber".

2. Verenga zvinyorwa zvinovaka muviri

shuga yemukati : Tarisa "carbohydrate-shuga", polyglucose haina kunyorwa;

Dietary fiber : Huwandu hwefiber inopihwa nepolyglucose ichanyorwa zvakasiyana.

3. Consciousness inozivisa

Zvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa kuti "shuga-isina" kana "shuga shoma" asi zvine polyglucose zvinoenderana nemirairo nekuti hazvishandise zvinhu zveshuga zvinosimudza shuga.

Kuratidzira kweindasitiri: dambudziko rekutaurirana kwesainzi seri kwegakava rezita

Makakatanwa pamusoro pezita re polydextrose anoburitsa kupesana kwakadzama mukushandiswa kweruzhinji kwemazwi esainzi:

izwi kurerutsa uye kusaenzana kwechokwadi : mazita emakemikari kazhinji anosiya ruzivo rwakakosha (senge chirevo chechimiro che "poly") kuitira kurerutsira mumusoro;

Consumer science literacy gap : Ongororo inoratidza kuti gumi nemaviri muzana chete yevatengi veChinese vanogona kusiyanisa nemazvo pakati pe "dietary fiber" ne "shuga" (China Health Consumption White Paper 2024).

Solution :

Standard terminology : Zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera kanoti mune yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa, senge "polyglucose (dietary fiber)";

simbisa dzidzo yekuzivikanwa kwesainzi : buritsa iyo "isina-shuga" hunhu kuburikidza nemavhidhiyo mapfupi, kurongedza ICONS nedzimwe nzira dzinonzwisisika.

8. Maonero enyanzvi: "Hondo yekugadzirisa zita" yepolyglucose

Dr. Emily Chen (Mutungamiriri, Mubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose weChikafu Sayenzi neTekinoroji):

"Kukakavadzana kwepolyglucose inyaya yekare yekuparadzanisa pakati pemutauro wesayenzi uye maonero evanhu. Tinoda hurongwa hwemashoko akajeka apo mazita ezvinyorwa anonyatsoratidza basa ravo."

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WANG Xiangtao (Munyori Mukuru weChinese Society of Nutrition):

"Kukosha kwehutano hwepolyglucose sehutano hwekudya hwekudya hwakasimbiswa zvizere. "Chinokosha chekubvisa mafungiro asina kunaka kushandura tsanangudzo dzesayenzi mumutauro uyo vatengi vanogona kunzwisisa."

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Mhedziso

Polydextrose haisi shuga, asi akabatwa ne "kusanzwisisa kwesainzi" kunokonzerwa nemazita ayo. Kubva pachimiro chemolecular kusvika kune tsanangudzo yemitemo, metabolic nzira kuenda kumusika kudzidzira, humbowo hwese hunonongedza kumhedziso imwechete: ipiyona wekudya fiber inononoka nezita rayo. Munguva yekuziva nezvehutano uye kuputika kwemashoko, kuputsa zvipingamupinyi zvekuziva uye kugadzirisa maonero ekushandisa zvine musoro zvingave zvakakosha pane kukakavara kuti "shuga haisi shuga."

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http://www.jvvw.cn/polydextrose-water-soluble-dietary-fiber-product/