1.Bidirectional regulation yeprotein metabolism

HMB inowana simba rekugadzirisa kukuvara kwemhasuru kuburikidza neakawanda-nzira nzira synergistic chiito:

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mTOR chiratidzo activation : yakawedzera ribosome S6 kinase phosphorylation level ne38%, yakawedzera myosin heavy chain uye imwe core protein synthesis kunyatsoita

inhibitory effect ye ubiquitination : yakaderedza kutaura kweE3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 ne 41%, uye yakavhara molecular marker process yekuputsika kwemisumbu.

autophagy homeostasis : Gadzirisa iyo LC3-II / LC3-I reshiyo kusvika 1: 1.5 kudzivirira tsandanyama fiber kudzikira kunokonzerwa nekunyanyisa autophagy.

Chechipiri, cell membrane kuchengetedza tekinoroji innovation

HMB inowedzera kugadzikana kwesero kuburikidza nekupindira kwema molecular-level:

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membrane chimiro kusimbisa: wedzera zvirimo mu phosphatidylinositol ne 27%, vandudza kupikisa kwemagetsi kushushikana kwemuscle membrane.

calcium ion regulation : inhibisa kuvhurwa kusingaite kwe mitochondrial permeability transition pore uye kuderedza njodzi yekuwandisa kwecalcium ne63%

oxidative stress dziviriro : yakashandiswa Nrf2 nzira, basa re superoxide dismutase (SOD) rakawedzera ne 41%

Iii. Empirical data yemishonga yemitambo

1.High intensity kuchengetedzwa kwemitambo

Vatambi venhabvu vanowedzera ne3 g/zuva HMB yakaderedza peak creatine kinase (CK) ne44% uye yakaderedzwa nguva yekurwadza kwetsandanyama ne51%

Mushure memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri ekurovedza muviri kwecentrifugal, chiitiko cheZ-line rheology yemhasuru fibers yakaderedzwa ne62%, uye kutendeseka kwemitochondria kwakavandudzwa ne83%

2.Endurance performance optimization

Muvamhanyi vemarathon, mazinga eropa lactate akadzikira ne19% uye tsandanyama glycogen reserves yakawedzera ne27% 68.

Iyo 6-vhiki yekuwedzera kutenderera yakawedzera VO2max ne4.2% uye yakawedzera kurovedza muviri kutsungirira ne13%

4.Clinical shanduko inokosha

5.Kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwemuscular atrophy gravis

Muvarwere veICU vakawedzerwa neHMB kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere, kukora kwetsandanyama yequadriceps kwakachengetwa 1.3mm yakawanda, uye budiriro yekufambisa mhepo isina mhepo yakawedzera ne31%

Mune varwere vakapisa zvakanyanya, chiyero chekuparara kweprotein chaive 47% yakaderera uye nguva yekuporesa ronda yaive mazuva mashanu ipfupi.

2.Kupindira kwe senile sarcopenia

Mushure memavhiki gumi nemaviri ekupindira, kumhanya kwevakweguru vane makore anopfuura makumi manomwe kwakawedzera ne0.15m/s, uye njodzi yekudonha yakaderera ne38%

MRI yakaratidza kuderera kwe21% mukupinda mukati memumuscular mafuta uye 14% kuwedzera kwerudzi rwechipiri musimba fiber nzvimbo.

5.Kucheka-kumucheto tekinoroji innovation

Nano delivery system

Liposome encapsulation tekinoroji yakawedzera tsandanyama kutariswa ne3.7 nguva, uye chiyero chekuchinja kweropa chaive

Iyo smart transdermal patch inowana EMG mhinduro yemutemo uye inoderedza kunonoka kuburitswa kusvika masekondi gumi nemashanu

Kubudirira mune synthetic biology

Injiniya yegoho rakawedzera kusvika 8.7g/L uye mutengo wekugadzira wakaderedzwa ne62%

CRISPR editing tekinoroji inomhanyisa kugadzirisa tsandanyama ne41%, inopinda preclinical miedzo.

6.Safety tsanangudzo

Acute toxicity: mumuromo LD50> 5000mg/kg mumakonzo, chaizvoizvo haisi muchetura.

Kushandiswa kwenguva refu: Hapana hepatorenal toxicity yakaonekwa mushure memwedzi ye12 yekupindira, uye chiitiko chekusagadzikana kwepamuviri kwaiva

chiyero chedosi: kurovedza muviri kunokurudzirwa kutora 3 g / zuva muzvikamu zvakakamurwa, iyo yekurapa dosi inowedzerwa nematanho.

Vii. Ramangwana Outlook

epigenetic regulation : Kuongorora mhedzisiro yeHMB paDNA methylation mapatani emhasuru stem masero.

Mechanism yeBacterial community interaction : Ongororo yebasa rekutonga reHMB metabolites paintestinal firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.