Maanta, iyadoo kor u kaca wacyiga isticmaalka caafimaadka leh, "kontaroolka sonkorta" waxay noqotay mid la mid ah qaab nololeedka dadka oo dhan. Laakiin muuqaalka joogtada ah ee maaddooyinka loo yaqaan 'Polydextrose' ee liisaska maadooyinka "cuntooyinka cuntada" iyo "cabitaannada kalooriyada yar" waxay keeneen jahawareer ka dhex jira macaamiisha ku saabsan haddii ay tahay sonkor loo ekeysiiyay "fiber-cunto" ama ilaaliyaha caafimaad ee khaldan. Iyada oo loo marayo falanqaynta qaab-dhismeedka molecular, qeexitaanka awoodda caalamiga ah iyo cilmi-baarista habka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, warqadani waxay muujineysaa aqoonsiga dhabta ah ee polyglucose waxayna soo afjaraysaa "faham la'aanta sayniska" ee uu sababay magaca.

Marka hore, magaca isha: muxuu ereyga "glucose" u keenaya isfaham la'aan? ?

Magaca Ingiriisiga "Polydextrose" wuxuu macno ahaan u turjumayaa "glucose polymerized", tarjumaadda Shiinahana waxay raacdaa macquulkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabeecadda magaceedu waa sharaxaad ujeedo ah oo ku saabsan qaabdhismeedka kiimikada, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd qeexida sifooyinka shaqeynaya.

? Sooyaalka taariikheed: Polyglucose waxaa sameeyay saynisyahan Mareykan ah HH Rennhard 1965, ujeeddadii asalka ahayd waxay ahayd in la sameeyo kaloriin yar, buuxinta cuntada xasilloon. Sababtoo ah alaabta ceeriin waxay ka kooban tahay monomer gulukoos, iyo silsiladda molecular waxaa ku xiran unugyo gulukoos oo badan, waxaa loo yaqaan "polyglucose".

? Dabin luqadeed: Marka la eego macnaha guud ee Shiinaha, ereyga "glucose" wuxuu inta badan si toos ah ula xiriiraa "sonkorta" iyo "macaan", laakiin jilaha "ju" wuxuu ku guuldareystaa inuu gudbiyo dabeecaddiisa aan dheefshiidka lahayn, taas oo keenta fahamka dadweynaha ee ereyga.

Labo, kala saarid cilmiyeed: laga soo bilaabo qaabdhismeedka molecular ee dabeecadda polyglucose si loo go'aamiyo in polyglucose yahay sonkor, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu soo celiyo dabeecadeeda kiimikaad.

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1. Qeexida iyo kala soocida sonkorta

Marka loo eego qeexida Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Kiimikada Saafiga ah iyo kuwa la dabaqay (IUPAC), Sonkorta waxa loola jeedaa monosaccharides (tusaale, glucose, fructose) ama oligosaccharides (tusaale, sucrose, maltose) kuwaas oo ay ku xidhan yihiin curaarta glycosidic ee leh 2 ilaa 10 monosaccharides. Tilmaamaha ay wadaagaan waa:

Waxa loo kala qaybin karaa monosaccharides by enzymes dheefshiidka aadanaha (sida α-amylase, sucrase);

Waxay bixisaa 4 kcal / g kulayl;

Waxay si toos ah u kordhisaa heerarka sonkorta dhiigga.

2. Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee polyglucose ?

Qaabka molecular ee polyglucose ? wuxuu ahaa (C?H??O?)?. Waxay ka koobnayd saddexda qaybood ee soo socda.

Qaab dhismeedka qalfoofka: D-glucose oo ah unugga aasaasiga ah, oo inta badan ku xiran 1, 6-glucoside bond;

Laamo aan kala sooc lahayn: Unugyada gulukoosta qaarkood waxay sameeyaan qaab dhismeedyo laamo ah iyada oo loo marayo 1,2, 1,3 ama 1,4 glukoside bonds;

Wax ka beddelka dhamaadka: Dhamaadka silsiladda molecular inta badan waxay ku xidhan tahay sorbitol ama haraaga aashitada citric (hadhaaga habka wax soo saarka).

? Farqiga muhiimka ah:

? heerka polymerization: Celceliska darajada polymerization (n qiimaha) ee polyglucose waa 20-22, iyo glycan aadka u hooseeya (n≤10) waxay samaysaa qaab-dhismeedka shabakad saddex-cabbir ah oo adag.

Kakanaanta nooca curaarta: Qaybinta random ee glukoside bonds waxay jidhka ka dhigtaa inuu waayo enzymes dheefshiidka u dhigma si uu u kala gooyo monomers gulukoos.

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Habka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka: waa maxay sababta polyglucose aanu ka tirsanayn sonkorta? ?

Dariiqa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka jireed ee polyglucose gabi ahaanba wuu ka duwan yahay kan sonkorta dhaqameed, taas oo ah saldhigga aasaasiga ah ee loo kala sooci karo sida fiber-ka cuntada.

1. nuugista eber ee marinka dheefshiidka sare

Caloosha iyo xiidmaha yar: Polyglucose weli way ku xasiloon tahay aashitada gastric. Sababtoo ah miisaankeeda kelli ee xad-dhaafka ah (qiyaastii 3200 Da) iyo noocyada isku dhafan ee glukoside bonds, laguma saari karo amylase candhuufta bini'aadamka ama amylase pancreatic. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in ka dib maamulka afka ee polyglucose, heerka nuugista mindhicirka yar uu ka yar yahay 0.5% (Journal of Nutrition, 2022).

Saamaynta sonkorta dhiiga: Polyglucose ma keento isbedbedelka sonkorta dhiigga ee dabadii sababtoo ah looma kala saari karo gulukoos. Tijaabooyin ay samaysay Xarunta Shiinaha ee Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada ayaa xaqiijisay in tusaha glycemic (GI) ee 10g ee polyglucose la geliyo 0, taas oo u dhiganta biyo saafi ah (Joornaalka Cunnada Shiinaha, 2023).

2. "halsano prebiotic" ee habka dheefshiidka hoose

Marka polyglucose aan dheefshiidku soo galo xiidanka, waxay noqotaa substrate-ka halsano ee flora mindhicirka:

Ashitada dufanka leh ee silsilad-gaaban (SCFA): Bifidobacteria iyo bakteeriyada kale ee faa'iidada leh waxay u beddelaan butyric acid, propionic acid iyo SCFA kale, kuwaas oo tamar siin kara unugyada xiidanka isla markaana nidaamiya difaaca;

Wax ku darsiga kalooriyada aadka u hooseeya: tamarta uu sii daayo habka halsano waa kaliya 1 kcal/g, oo aad uga hooseeya 4 kcal/g oo sonkor ah.

Meelaynta nidaaminta: Sidee ayay maamulada caalamku u qeexaan polyglucose? ?

Ururada caalamiga ah iyo heerarka badbaadada cuntada qaranka ayaa si cad uga saaraya polyglucose-ka qaybta "sonkorta" waxayna siinayaan heerka sharciga ah ee fiber-ka cuntada.

1. CODEX Alimentarius Commission (CODEX) ?

Heerka CODEX (CODEX STAN 234-2022) wuxuu leeyahay:

Fiber-cuntadu waa inay buuxisaa shuruudaha "shahaadada polymerization ≥3 oo aan lagu dheefi karin enzymes xiidmaha yar yar";

Polyglucose waxay buuxisay shuruudaha kor ku xusan waxaana lagu daraa liiska "fiyuubyada cuntada", taas oo u oggolaanaysa waxa ku jira fiber-ka in lagu muujiyo calaamadaha cuntada.

2. Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka ee Maraykanka (FDA)

2016, FDA waxay cusboonaysiisay qeexida fiber-ka cuntada si ay u qeexdo polyglucose sida "fiber shaqaynaya oo leh faa'iidooyin jidheed" waxayna u oggolaatay isticmaalka "sonkorta-hooseeya" iyo "cuntooyinka aan sonkorta lahayn" (21 CFR 101.9).

3. Heerarka qaranka Shiinaha

"Heerka Badbaadada Cuntada Qaranka ee Halbeegga Cunnada lagu daro Polyglucose" (GB 25541-2024) waxay xooga saaraysaa:

Polyglucose waa fiber-cuntadeed oo biyo-milmi karta oo laguma kala saari karo karbohaydrayt.

Cuntooyinka isticmaala polydextrose waxaa laga yaabaa inay sheeganayaan inay "kordhiyaan fiber-ka cuntada," laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inaan lagu calaamadin "sonkorta" ama "sonkorta lagu daray."

? Muranka suuqa: polyglucose ma ku jiraa cuntooyinka aan sonkorta lahayn "sonkorta aan la arki karin"? ?

In kasta oo ay jiraan xeerar cad, fikradaha khaldan ee macaamilka ee ku saabsan polydextrose ayaa sii socda. Waa kuwan xaqiiqooyinka laba muran oo caadi ah:

?1. Muranka 1: polyglucose miyuu keenaa in sonkorta dhiiga ay kor u kacdo? ?

Xukunka Sayniska: Maya. Dheef-shiid kiimikaadka polyglucose waa SCFA halkii glucose, iyo qiimihiisu GI waa 0. Tijaabo kiliinik ah oo lagu sameeyay Isbitaalka Peking Union Medical College ee bukaanada sokorowga ayaa muujisay in ka dib qaadashada maalinlaha ah ee 15g ee polyglucose 12 toddobaad oo isku xigta, ma jirin wax isbeddel ah oo ku yimid hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) ee Bukaannada 2 (Chinese 2).

Isha fikradda khaldan: Iibiyeyaasha qaarkood waxay isku daraan polydextrose iyo maaddooyinka sonkorta si fudud loo kiciyo sida maltodextrin iyo sharoobada gulukooska, taasoo keentay jahawareer macaamiisha.

2. Muranka 2: polyglucose ma yahay "sonkor lagu daray"? ?

Caddaynta qeexidda: Marka loo eego tilmaamaha WHO, "sonkorta lagu daray" macnaheedu waa monosaccharides ama disaccharides (tusaale sonkor, sukrose) oo si macmal ah loogu daray cuntada. Polyglucose looma tixgeliyo sonkor lagu daray sababtoo ah ma laha kiimikooyinka iyo sifooyinka sonkorta.

Midowga Yurub iyo Maraykanka, polyglucose waxaa lagu tiriyaa inay tahay wadarta faybarka cuntada ee cuntooyinka, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd "sonkorta"; Xeerarka Guud ee Shiinaha ee Calaamadeynta Nafaqada ee Cuntada La Diyaariyay (GB 28050-2024) ayaa sidoo kale qaata sharcigan.

Hagaha macaamiisha: Sidee si sax ah loo aqoonsan karaa polyglucose? ?

Si looga fogaado jahawareer, macaamiishu waxay ku kala saari karaan polyglucose iyo sonkorta:

1. Eeg miiska

Sonkorta: sida caadiga ah waxaa lagu calaamadiyaa sida "sonkorta cad", "sharoobada fructose sare", "maltose" iyo wixii la mid ah;

polyglucose : si toos ah loogu calaamadeeyay "polyglucose" ama "fibre-cuntada biyaha ku milma".

2. Akhri calaamadaha nafaqada

Waxa ku jira sonkorta: Hubi "karbohaydrayt-sonkorta", polyglucose lama taxan;

Fiberka cuntada: Qadarka fiber-ka ay ku darsato polyglucose ayaa si gaar ah loo calaamadayn doonaa.

3. Miyirku wuxuu caddeeyaa

Alaabooyinka lagu calaamadeeyay "sonkorta-la'aanta" ama "sonkorta-hooseeya" laakiin ka kooban polyglucose waxay u hoggaansamaan xeerarka sababtoo ah ma isticmaalaan maaddooyinka sonkorta leh ee kor u qaada sonkorta.

Milicsiga warshadaha: dhibaatada isgaadhsiinta sayniska ee ka dambaysa muranka magacaabista

Muranka ku saabsan magacaabista polydextrose waxay daaha ka qaadaysaa iska hor imaad qoto dheer ee isticmaalka dadweynaha ee ereyada sayniska:

Eray fududaynta iyo dheellitir la'aanta saxda ah: Magacyada kiimikaad badanaa waxay ka tagaan macluumaadka muhiimka ah (sida macnaha qaabdhismeedka "poly") si ay u fududaato xifdinta;

Farqiga aqoonta macaamiisha: Sahan ayaa muujinaya in 12 boqolkiiba macaamiisha Shiinaha ay si sax ah u kala saari karaan "fiber-ka cuntada" iyo "sonkorta" (Waraaqda Cad ee Isticmaalka Caafimaadka Shiinaha 2024).

Xalka:

Eray bixinta caadiga ah: Waxaa la soo jeediyay in lagu daro qoraal liiska maaddooyinka, sida "polyglucose (fiber cunto)";

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Xoojinta faafinta cilmiga sayniska: u gudbi sifada "aan-sonkorta ahayn" iyada oo loo marayo muuqaallo gaagaaban, ICONS baakad iyo siyaabo kale oo dareen leh.

8. Fikradda khabiirka: "dagaalka lagu saxayo magaca" polyglucose

Dr. Emily Chen (Madaxweyne, Isbahaysiga Caalamiga ah ee Sayniska Cuntada iyo Tignoolajiyada)

"Muranka polyglucose waa kiis caadi ah oo kala go'a luqadda sayniska iyo aragtida dadweynaha. Waxaan u baahanahay nidaam ereybixineed oo hufan oo magacyada ka kooban ay si dhab ah uga tarjumayaan shaqadooda."

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WANG Xiangtao (Xoghayaha Guud ee Bulshada Shiinaha ee Nafaqada)

"Qiimaha caafimaad ee polyglucose-ka oo ah faybar cunto oo tayo leh ayaa si buuxda loo ansixiyey." Furaha ciribtirka fikradaha khaldan waa in qeexitaanka sayniska loo turjumayo luqad ay macaamiishu fahmi karaan."

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Gabagabo

Polydextrose ma aha sonkor, laakiin waa dhibbanaha "faham la'aanta sayniska" ee ay sababtay magaceeda. Laga soo bilaabo qaab-dhismeedka molecular ilaa qeexidda sharciyeynta, habka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ilaa ku-dhaqanka suuqa, dhammaan caddayntu waxay tilmaamayaan isla gabagabo: waa hormoodka fiber-cuntada oo dib u dhigay magaciisa. Xilliga wacyigelinta caafimaadka iyo qaraxa macluumaadka, jebinta caqabadaha garashada iyo sameynta aragtida isticmaalka macquulka ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka muhiimsan tahay in lagu doodo "sonkorta maaha sonkor."

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http://www.jvvw.cn/polydextrose-water-soluble-dietary-fiber-product/