Namuhla, ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kokusetshenziswa okunempilo, "ukulawula ushukela" sekuyigama elifanayo lendlela yokuphila yabantu bonke. Kodwa ukubonakala kaningi kwesithako esibizwa nge- ? Polydextrose ? ohlwini lwezithako "zokudla okudliwayo" kanye "neziphuzo ezinekhalori ephansi" kuholele ekudidekeni phakathi kwabathengi mayelana nokuthi ushukela ofihliwe "njengefayibha yokudla" noma umnakekeli wezempilo oqanjwe kabi. Ngokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana, incazelo egunyaziwe yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nocwaningo lwezinqubo ze-metabolic, leli phepha lembula ubunikazi bangempela be-polyglucose futhi liqeda "ukungaqondi kahle kwesayensi" okubangelwa igama.

Okokuqala, igama lomthombo: kungani igama elithi "glucose" lidala ukungaqondi? .

Igama lesiNgisi elithi "Polydextrose" ngokwezwi nezwi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "i-polymerized glucose", futhi ukuhumusha kwesiShayina kulandela lo mqondo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqanjwa kwayo yincazelo ehlosiwe yesakhiwo samakhemikhali, kunencazelo yezakhiwo zokusebenza.

. Isizinda somlando : I-Polyglucose yasungulwa usosayensi waseMelika u-HH Rennhard ngo-1965, inhloso yokuqala kwakuwukwakha isigcwalisi sokudla esinekhalori ephansi, esizinzile. Ngoba impahla eluhlaza iqukethe i-glucose monomer, futhi iketango lamangqamuzana lixhunywe amayunithi amaningi e-glucose, libizwa ngokuthi "i-polyglucose".

. Isicupho solimi : Embhalweni wamaShayina, igama elithi "glucose" livame ukuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nelithi "ushukela" kanye "noshukela", kodwa uhlamvu elithi "ju" liyehluleka ukudlulisa umlingiswa walo ongagayeki, okuholela ekungaqondi kahle komphakathi kwegama.

Okwesibili, ukuhlakazeka kwesayensi: kusukela esakhiweni samangqamuzana emvelo ye-polyglucose ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi i-polyglucose ingushukela yini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ibuyele esimweni sayo samakhemikhali.

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1. Incazelo kanye nezigaba zikashukela

Ngokwencazelo ye-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), Ushukela ubhekisela kuma-monosaccharides (isb, i-glucose, i-fructose) noma ama-oligosaccharides (isb., i-sucrose, i-maltose) axhunywe ngamabhondi e-glycosidic anama-monosaccharides angu-2 kuya kwangu-10. Izici zabo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

Ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-monosaccharides ngama-enzyme okugaya abantu (afana ne-α-amylase, i-sucrase);

Inikeza ukushisa okungu-4 kcal/g;

Ikhuphula ngqo amazinga kashukela egazini.

2. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-polyglucose .

Ifomula yamangqamuzana ye-polyglucose ? ibingu-(C?H??O?)?. Yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu ezilandelayo.

Ukwakheka kohlaka lwamathambo : I-D-glucose njengeyunithi eyisisekelo, exhunywe kakhulu ngebhondi engu-1, 6-glucoside;

Ukuhlanganisa okungahleliwe : Amanye amayunithi eglucose akha izakhiwo zamagatsha ngokusebenzisa ibhondi yeglucoside engu-1,2, 1,3 noma 1,4;

ukuguqulwa kokuphela : Ukuphela kweketango lamangqamuzana kuvame ukuboshwa kuma-sorbitol noma izinsalela ze-citric acid (izinsalela zenqubo yokukhiqiza).

. Umehluko obalulekile:

. izinga le-polymerization: Idigri emaphakathi ye-polymerization (inani elingu-n) le-polyglucose ngu-20-22, futhi i-glycan ephansi kakhulu (n≤10) yakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

ubunkimbinkimbi bohlobo lwebhondi: Ukusatshalaliswa okungahleliwe kwamabhondi e-glucoside kwenza umzimba ungabi nawo ama-enzyme okugaya ahambisana nawo ukuze uwahlukanise abe ama-glucose monomers.

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Indlela ye-Metabolic: Kungani i-polyglucose ingeyona eyoshukela? .

Indlela ye-physiological metabolic ye-polyglucose ihluke ngokuphelele kushukela wendabuko, okuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwawo njenge-fiber yokudla.

1. Ukumuncwa okungu-Zero emgudwini wokudla ongaphezulu

isisu kanye namathumbu amancane : I-Polyglucose ihlala izinzile ku-asidi yesisu. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo samangqamuzana eseqile (cishe i-3200 Da) kanye nezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamabhondi e-glucoside, ayikwazi ukwenziwa nge-hydrolyzed ngamathe omuntu amylase noma i-pancreatic amylase. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuphathwa ngomlomo kwe-polyglucose, izinga lokumunca lamathumbu amancane lingaphansi kuka-0.5% (Journal of Nutrition, 2022).

Umthelela kashukela egazini : I-Polyglucose ayikubangeli ukushintshashintsha koshukela wegazi wangesikhathi sokudla ngoba awukwazi ukuhlukaniswa ube ushukela. Ukuhlolwa kweSikhungo SaseShayina Sokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo kuqinisekisile ukuthi inkomba ye-glycemic (GI) yokufaka i-10g ye-polyglucose ingu-0, eqhathaniswa namanzi ahlanzekile (i-China Food Journal, 2023).

2. "i-prebiotic fermentation" emgudwini wokugaya ophansi

Lapho i-polyglucose engagayekile ingena ekoloni, iba i-substrate yokuvubela yezitshalo zamathumbu:

i-short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) : I-Bifidobacteria namanye amagciwane anenzuzo ayiguqula ibe i-butyric acid, i-propionic acid namanye ama-SCFA, anganikeza amandla kumaseli ekholoni futhi alawule ukungatheleleki;

Umnikelo wekhalori ophansi kakhulu : amandla akhishwa inqubo yokuvutshelwa acishe abe yi-1 kcal/g, aphansi kakhulu kuno-4 kcal/g kashukela.

Ukuma kokulawula: Iziphathimandla zomhlaba ziyichaza kanjani i-polyglucose? .

Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye namazinga kazwelonke okuphepha kokudla ayifaki ngokucacile i-polyglucose esigabeni "sikashukela" futhi ziyinikeze isimo esisemthethweni se-fiber yokudla.

1. I-CODEX Alimentarius Commission (CODEX)

I-CODEX Standard (CODEX STAN 234-2022) ithi:

I-fiber yokudla kufanele ihlangabezane nemibandela "ye-polymerization degree ≥3 futhi ayikwazi ukugaywa ngama-enzymes amathumbu amancane";

I-Polyglucose ihlangabezana nalezi zindlela ezingenhla futhi ifakwe ohlwini "lwe-fiber yokudla", evumela okuqukethwe kwefayibha ukuthi kuboniswe kumalebula okudla.

2. I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Ngo-2016, i-FDA yabuyekeza incazelo yefayibha yokudla ukuze ichaze i-polyglucose "njengefayibha esebenzayo enezinzuzo zomzimba" futhi yagunyaza ukuthi isetshenziswe ekudleni "okunoshukela omncane" kanye "nokungenashukela" (21 CFR 101.9).

3. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina

I-"Ukuphepha Kokudla Kwezwelonke Okujwayelekile Kokungeza I-Polyglucose" (GB 25541-2024) iyagcizelela:

I-Polyglucose i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini futhi ayikwazi ukufakwa kusigaba sama-carbohydrate.

Ukudla okusebenzisa i-polydextrose kungase kusho ukuthi "kukhulisa i-fiber yokudla," kodwa kungase kungabizi ngokuthi "ushukela" noma "ushukela owengeziwe."

. Ingxabano yemakethe: Ingabe i-polyglucose ekudleni okungenashukela "ushukela ongabonakali"? .

Naphezu kwemithetho ecacile, imibono eyiphutha yabathengi mayelana ne-polydextrose iyaqhubeka ikhula. Nawa amaqiniso ezingxabano ezimbili ezijwayelekile:

.1. Impikiswano 1: Ingabe i-polyglucose ibangela ukukhuphuka kukashukela egazini? .

Isinqumo sesayensi: Cha. I-metabolite ye-polyglucose i-SCFA kune-glucose, futhi inani layo le-GI lingu-0. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo e-Peking Union Medical College Hospital ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kwabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuthatha nsuku zonke u-15g we-polyglucose amasonto angu-12 alandelanayo, alukho ushintsho oluphawulekayo ku-hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) yeziguli (I-Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 20).

Umthombo wemibono eyiphutha: Abanye abathengisi baxuba i-polydextrose nezithako zikashukela ezikhuphuka kalula njenge-maltodextrin nesiraphu ye-glucose, okuholela ekudidekeni kwabathengi.

2. Ingxabano 2: Ingabe i-polyglucose "ushukela owengeziwe"? .

Ukucaciswa kwencazelo : Ngokweziqondiso ze-WHO, "ushukela owengeziwe" usho ama-monosaccharides noma ama-disaccharides (isb. ushukela, i-sucrose) efakwe ngokuzenzela ekudleni. I-Polyglucose ayithathwa njengoshukela owengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi ayinawo amakhemikhali kanye nezakhi zikashukela.

E-European Union nase-United States, i-polyglucose ibalwa njengengqikithi ye-fibre yokudla etholakala ekudleni, kunokuba "ushukela"; Imithetho Ejwayelekile YaseShayina Yokulebula Komsoco Wokudla Okupakishwe Ngaphambilini (GB 28050-2024) nayo yamukela lo mthetho.

Umhlahlandlela wabathengi: Ungayibona kanjani i-polyglucose ngendlela efanele? .

Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, abathengi bangahlukanisa i-polyglucose kushukela ngokuthi:

1. Bheka itafula

ushukela : imvamisa imakwa ngokuthi "ushukela omhlophe", "isiraphu ephezulu ye-fructose", "maltose" njalonjalo;

i-polyglucose : ibhalwe ngokuqondile "i-polyglucose" noma "i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini".

2. Funda amalebula omsoco

okuqukethwe ushukela : Hlola "ushukela-carbohydrate", i-polyglucose ayifakiwe ohlwini;

I-Dietary fibre : Inani le-fiber elinikelwa yi-polyglucose lizolebula ngokuhlukana.

3. Ukuqaphela kuyamemezela

Imikhiqizo ebhalwe ukuthi "ayinashukela" noma "ushukela omncane" kodwa equkethe i-polyglucose ithobela imithetho ngoba ayisebenzisi izithako zikashukela ezinyusa ushukela.

Ukuboniswa kwemboni: inkinga yokuxhumana kwesayensi ngemuva kwengxabano yamagama

Ukuphikisana ngokuqanjwa kwe-polydextrose kuveza ukuphikisana okujulile ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi kwamagama esayensi:

Itemu ukwenza lula nokungalingani kokunemba : amagama amakhemikhali avamise ukushiya ulwazi olubalulekile (njengencazelo yesakhiwo yegama elithi "poly") ukuze kube lula ukulibamba ngekhanda;

Igebe lokufunda ngesayensi yabathengi : Inhlolovo ikhombisa ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-12 kuphela abathengi baseShayina abakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle phakathi "kwe-fiber yokudla" kanye "noshukela" (Iphepha Elimhlophe Lokusebenzisa I-China 2024).

Isixazululo:

Amagama asetshenziswayo ajwayelekile : Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwengezwe inothi ohlwini lwesithako, njengokuthi "i-polyglucose (i-fiber yokudla)";

qinisa imfundo yokuthandwa kwesayensi : dlulisa isibaluli "esingewona ushukela" ngamavidiyo amafushane, ama-ICONS wokupakisha nezinye izindlela ezinembile.

8. Umbono wochwepheshe: "Impi yokulungisa igama" le-polyglucose

UDkt. U-Emily Chen (uMongameli, i-International Alliance for Food Science and Technology):

"Ingxabano ye-polyglucose iyindaba yakudala yokunqamula ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi lwesayensi nombono womphakathi. Sidinga isistimu yamatemu esobala kakhudlwana lapho amagama ezithako ebonisa ngempela umsebenzi wawo."

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U-WANG Xiangtao (Unobhala-Jikelele Wenhlangano Yezokudla YamaShayina) :

"Inani lezempilo le-polyglucose njenge-fibre yekhwalithi yokudla liqinisekiswe ngokugcwele. "Isihluthulelo sokuqeda imibono eyiphutha ukuhumusha izincazelo zesayensi olimini abathengi abangaluqonda."

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Isiphetho

I-Polydextrose ayiyona ushukela, kodwa isisulu "sokungaqondi kahle kwesayensi" okubangelwa ukuqanjwa kwayo. Kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana kuya encazelweni yokulawula, indlela ye-metabolic kuya ekusebenzeni kwemakethe, bonke ubufakazi bukhomba esiphethweni esifanayo: iyingqayizivele ye-fiber yokudla ebambezeleke ngegama layo. Esikhathini sokuqwashisa ngezempilo kanye nokuqhuma kolwazi, ukuphula izithiyo zengqondo kanye nokusungula umbono wokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuphikisana ngokuthi "ushukela awuwona ushukela."

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http://www.jvvw.cn/polydextrose-water-soluble-dietary-fiber-product/