1.Ukulawulwa okubili kwe-protein metabolism

I-HMB ifinyelela ibhalansi eguquguqukayo yokulungisa ukulimala kwemisipha ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-synergistic esinezindlela eziningi :

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Ukusebenza kwesiginali ye-mTOR : kukhushulwe izinga le-ribosome S6 kinase phosphorylation ngo-38%, kusheshiswe uchungechunge olusindayo lwe-myosin kanye nokunye ukusebenza kahle kwe-protein synthesis

Umthelela ovimbelayo we-ubiquitination : yehlise inkulumo ye-E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 ngo-41%, futhi ivimbele inqubo yomaka wamangqamuzana wokuwohloka kwemisipha.

i-autophagy homeostasis : Lungiselela isilinganiso se-LC3-II/LC3-I sibe ngu-1:1.5 ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-muscle fibre okubangelwa ukuzinza ngokweqile

Okwesibili, ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokuvikela ulwelwesi lwamaseli

I-HMB ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwamaseli ngokungenelela kwezinga lamangqamuzana:

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Ukuqinisa ukwakheka kwe-membrane: khulisa okuqukethwe kwe-phosphatidylinositol ngo-27%, thuthukisa ukumelana nengcindezi yemishini yolwelwesi lwemisipha.

Ukulawulwa kwe-calcium ion : vimbela ukuvuleka okungavamile kwe-mitochondrial permeability transition pore futhi unciphise ingozi yokugcwala kwe-calcium ngo-63%

Ukuvikelwa kokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative : indlela ye-Nrf2 evuliwe, umsebenzi we-superoxide dismutase (SOD) ukhuphuke ngo-41%

Iii. Idatha ye-Empirical yemithi yezemidlalo

1.Ukuvikelwa kwezemidlalo okunamandla aphezulu

Abadlali bebhola abangeza ngo-3 g/ngosuku i-HMB yehlise inani eliphakeme le-creatine kinase (CK) ngo-44% kanye nobude besikhathi sokuqaqamba kwemisipha ngo-51%

Ngemva kwamahora angu-72 okuzivocavoca okumaphakathi, izehlakalo ze-rheology ye-Z-line ye-muscle fibers yehliswe ngo-62%, futhi ubuqotho besakhiwo se-mitochondria bathuthukiswa ngama-83%

2.Ukubekezelela ukusebenza kahle

Kubagijimi bemarathon, amazinga e-lactate yegazi ehle ngo-19% kanti i-muscle glycogen reserves inyuke ngo-27% 68

Umjikelezo wokwengeza wamaviki ayi-6 ukhuphule i-VO2max ngo-4.2% futhi wenyusa ukukhuthazela kokuzivocavoca ngo-13%

4.Ingqophamlando yenguquko emtholampilo

5.Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-muscular atrophy gravis

Ezigulini zase-ICU ezingezwe nge-HMB izinsuku ezingama-28, ukushuba kwemisipha ye-quadriceps kwagcinwa ngo-1.3mm ngaphezulu, futhi izinga lempumelelo le-ventilator ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi lenyuke ngo-31%

Ezigulini ezishile kakhulu, izinga lokuwohloka kwamaprotheni laliphansi ngama-47% kanti isikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwesilonda sasimfushane ngezinsuku ezi-5.

2.Ukungenelela kwe-senile sarcopenia

Ngemva kwamasonto angu-12 okungenelela, ijubane lokuhamba kwabantu asebekhulile abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 lenyuke ngo-0.15m/s, kanti ingozi yokuwa yehle ngo-38%.

I-MRI ibonise ukwehla kwe-21% ekungeneni kwamafutha e-intramuscular kanye nokwanda kwe-14% endaweni yohlobo lwe-muscle fiber fiber.

5.Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe

Isistimu yokulethwa kwe-Nano

Ubuchwepheshe be-Liposome encapsulation bukhuphule ukugxiliswa kwethagethi yemisipha ngezikhathi ze-3.7, futhi izinga lokuguquguquka lokuhlushwa kwegazi lalingu-

I-smart transdermal patch ifinyelela ukulawulwa kokuphendula kwe-EMG futhi yehlisa ukubambezeleka kokukhululwa kube imizuzwana eyi-15.

Ukuthuthuka kwe-synthetic biology

Isivuno sohlobo lobunjiniyela sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-8.7g/L futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza zehliswa ngo-62%

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlela be-CRISPR busheshisa ukulungiswa kwemisipha ngo-41%, bungena ezivivinyweni zangaphambi komtholampilo.

6.Imininingwane yokuphepha

Ubuthi obunamandla: i-LD50 yomlomo> 5000mg/kg emagundwaneni, empeleni ayinabo ubuthi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside : Akukho ubuthi be-hepatorenal obabonwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 zokungenelela, futhi izehlakalo zokungakhululeki emathunjini zazingu-

Izinga lomthamo : inani labantu abavocavoca umzimba linconywa ukuthi lithathe i-3 g / ngosuku ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe, umthamo wokwelapha ukhuphuka ngezinyathelo

Vii. Ikusasa Outlook

Ukulawulwa kwe-epigenetic : Ukuhlola imiphumela ye-HMB kumaphethini e-DNA methylation yamaseli e-muscle stem .

Indlela yokusebenzisana komphakathi wamagciwane : Ukuhlaziywa kwendima yokulawula yama-metabolites e-HMB ku-intestinal firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio